Theories of Sociology and Education

The second chapter of the book goes deeper into how sociology actually connects with education. The authors introduce the beginnings of sociology of education and present the major theories that the world has gone through. The chapter discusses theorists such as Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim. Although these individuals were not experts in the field of education, their ideologies influenced many of the theories that are connected to education. I have never realized or thought about the ways that ideologies evolve through society.

The chapter mentions one theorist by the name of Charles H. Cooley who illustrates where people get their sense of self. He coined the term looking glass effect, which means that “through interaction with parents, peers, and teachers, [individuals] come to see themselves as they imagine others see them.” I thought this point was interesting, as I believe that people do this. From my understanding of this concept though, I believe that it is important though to remember who you actually are and not just be someone others hope you are.

In the 1950’s, theorists believed that organized and formal schooling lead to success in a students life. Although this has some truth in it, as organization helps with time management, etc, children also need to develop a sense of self-learning. They need to speak out and express their opinions in order to learn. In terms of a more formal and organized education, teachers did not teach towards equality, but rather to suit the needs of society. They were teaching towards an advancing technological society in order to further the economy. I truly hope that these sorts of views have completely passed. I believe that certain students are going to shine in one area/skill where others will be great in others areas/skills. This sort of view allows us to teach equally and does not force us to teach towards society’s needs, as these things should happen naturally. Higher education can help solve these types of problems as well.

A lot of this chapter as well as the previous dealt with issues such as class. Students have been separated into public/private schools depending on their class. How do we get out of the cyclical theory when the poor are treated as lesser individuals? How does this encourage them to succeed? This type of social stratification convinces these students that they are not as worthy of the education nor capable of achieving it.
Most of the chapter I felt was very disheartening, as it discusses our previous theories about education. The anti-racist theory was the first thing I truly felt to have a positive perspective. Many of the theories that were addressed are very out-dated. I also believe that the theories should continually change (hopefully for the better) because we cannot continue to refer to older ones as society constantly goes through many changes itself.